2009-09-29

Oh media and opinion leaders

They are biased. Of course they are.

When the PRC government cleaned up its corrupted official, they would discredit any possibility that certain government(s) in this world, however authoritative or generically corrupted, would want to become less corrupted. Instead, they cooked up some conspiracy theory of power struggle to confuse its reader. If they hate you, whatever you do it is just wrong.

But to think that they are against China is "too simple, sometimes naive", to quote the ex-prez Jiang. To the "main stream media" and so-called opinion leaders, plus the foreign ministers of two major European countries, if they love you, you can rape a young teen brutally and their loves are still eternal.

As for media in Hong Kong, they simply applied google translation for whatever they have received and spit out to their readers (of similar caliber, they would think). They would not bother to read the comment fields under those websites, or a few lonely critical minds such as this.

What could China do to move from the "bad guy" circus to the "good side"? Here are a few tips from this lesson
  1. Be rich and famous
  2. Be-friend those western opinion leaders who had sold their souls
  3. Open the comment field
It is quite straightforward which way is the more achievable.

2009-09-26

The Continental Shelf Extension claims in East Asia

By now all countries have submitted their claim on UNCLOS, which states
  • The continental shelf is defined as the natural prolongation of the land territory to the continental margin’s outer edge, or 200 nautical miles from the coastal state’s baseline, whichever is greater. State’s continental shelf may exceed 200 nautical miles until the natural prolongation ends. However, it may never exceed 350 nautical miles from the baseline; or it may never exceed 100 nautical miles beyond the 2,500 meter isobath (the line connecting the depth of 2,500 meters). Coastal states have the right to harvest mineral and non-living material in the subsoil of its continental shelf, to the exclusion of others. Coastal states also have exclusive control over living resources "attached" to the continental shelf, but not to creatures living in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone.
The claims can be found here and here.
Japan's continental extension claim focuses on the souther part of its EEZ claim (i.e. lower half of this map)

Consisting of 5 major areas:
  • SKB Shikoku Basin, the large vertical strip south of Shikoku Island and north of the Okinotori 200 nm circle.
  • The area between Ogasawara/Iwo Jima (OGP) and the Minami-tori Shima (island) 200 nm circle (MTS)
  • KPR, the area between the Okinotori circle and Palau's 200 nm EEZ boundary (potential overlap)
  • 2 smaller pieces ODR and MIT to the east and west of the Okinotori circle



A very nice map for Chinese and Korean claims can be found in the red firefly blog (a very nice map blog in Chinese)
  • The orange area is the co-development zone (1st phase) reached by China and Japan a year ago
  • The green area is the Joint Korea-Japan Fishing Zone
  • Blues lines are the 200 nm lines for Korea and China
  • KOR1-KOR5 are sample points (joined into a line) of Korean claim
  • D1-D4 are sample points of Chinese claim
  • Both the KOR and D points are where the continental shelf end at the Okinawa Trough

Here is the technical definition of China's calim
  • A -- the base-point (land territory) where the claim distance starts to count (usually an island close to the continent)
  • B -- 200 nm line
  • C -- continental shelf slope start to fall (FOS), point of maximum change in gradient
  • D -- deepest point when continent shelf falls to the trough (lowest sea level)

Note that China's "preliminary example point" has carefully avoided to overlap with Korea claim points, apparently for a few reason (that I can think of)
  1. To avoid controversy with Korea
  2. To have Korea on its side over a potential rebuff from Japan (Japan's argument may be quite weak given the fact that it also submitted similar claim to the other side of its ocean)
  3. The example points are only "examples" to establish the Okinawa trough as the boudary, China can then negotiate with Korea (if the trough is established) regarding how to divide the trough between them, most likely it would be the equidistant principle which is not far from D1/KOR1

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Related:

2009-09-15

ROC's provincial division for China

ROC's provincial plan 1951 (source: map can talk blog)
Chiang Kai-shek published this plan, dividing China into 68 provinces, more or less splitting the provinces into 2 each. I guess he was trying to use this to rally support for his plan to "re-capture the continent", because he could then have more "feudal" areas to award to those who help him in the war.

The KMT government has never really ruled the Northeast (Inner Manchuria), so the 9 provinces in NE is only known to Chiang's bureaucrats. When the soldiers he brought to Taiwan need to register for the home provinces, none of them knows which "province" they are supposed to come from.

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Below is the ROC territorial claim in 1910s, well actually Dr. Sun Yat-sen's negotiation position then. This, and the rail map in the previous post, were published in Dr Sen's book called Plan for the New Country (建国方略).


  • this is the "upper bound" for the Manchu empire, including vassal countries such as Indo-china, Korea, and some far fetched ones such as Sulu Islands and Malaya (There are discussions on how Sulu became Qing vassal in the Taiwan blog but I have no idea why Dr. Sun thought Malay peninsula was a legitimate claim)
  • with that view Thailand became a "enclave" country

China Rail Map (planned)

Sun Yat Sen's vision on China's Rail network

2008 Planned Rail network map

2008 Planned Rail -- West side of Taiwan Strait

Dr. Sun Yat-sen's map was done circa. 1910s. Dr. Sun worked on this immediately after the revolution when he had to give up the power to Yuan Shikai to get his support for the revolution.

It was based on the ROC territory (e.g. Tannu Tuva and Outer Mongolia are included but Taiwan is not, because there had no treaty ceding Tannu/Mongolia) or the Qing Empire territory prior to the 1911 revolution. It was mostly based on desk work -- so the network is much denser in a relative sense for sparsely populated areas such as Mongolia and Tibet, while Hainan is a void in rail track.
  • For Dr. Sun's view on China's territorial claim see my next post
The 2008 plan will more likely to be realized (except the rail crossing the Taiwan Strait seems to be a one-sided wishful plan). There is even a map for the West Strait (Fujian) area anticipating the strait tunnel links, in which 3 lines were considered for reaching Taiwan, the northern lines (to Hsinchu and Taichung) are shorter while the southern (via Penghu) looks more pragmatic but the sea bed is much deeper.
  • Dark lines represent existing rails
  • Red line planned rais
  • Broken (red) line are rail for which there is still no solid plan yet
  • Dotted line are existing rails to be upgraded
Bonus: America's 2050 Rail Plans

2009-09-14

China Lake



I suppose the "World" Achipelagoes in Dubai is well known by now. Do you know there is also a "China Lake"? (Source and details/history in comment #9, btw, this is a great map blog, by a pro-green blogger in Taiwan)

The exact location is here.

2009-09-13

"Politicially Correct" map for PRC


This is the "official map policy" published by the PRC Bureau of Map, for drawing a politically correct map, literally.

1) As expected, the territorial boundary needs to be correct, i.e NE at the junction of Ussuri and Heilongjiang/Amur, North-West at Pengchi River, South at Zengmu of Spratly/Nansha, and a few other specifications, including Diaoyu, Taiwan, etc.
  • The new demarcation with Russia may change the NW and NE points

2) Be diplomatic on the Kashmir issue: do not take side, use white color, show Actual Control Lines, do not mark "capital city" since control still in dispute

3) Romanized name for places do not have to use Pinyin in HK/Macau/Taiwan. But for some city names in Outer Manchuria need to put the Chinese names in bracket

4) New roads/bridges are "state secrets" -- this is probably made obsolete with the introduction of google map

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公开地图内容表示若干规定

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了维护国家主权和利益,正确反映国家版图的内容,加强地图管理,规范地图编制,提高地图质量,依据《中华人民共和国测绘法》、《中华人民共和国地图编制出版管理条例》和国家有关法规,制定本规定。

第二条 各种载体表现的公开地图和地图产品,必须遵守本规定。

本规定所称公开地图和地图产品,包括各种类型的地图出版、印刷以及产品上附有示意性地图图形的工艺制品、地球仪等。

第三条 公开地图和地图产品上不得表示下列内容:

1.国防、军事设施,及军事单位;

2.未经公开的港湾、港口、沿海潮浸地带的详细性质,火车站内站线的具体线路配置状况;

3.航道水深、船闸尺度、水库库容、输电线路电压等精确数据,桥梁、渡口、隧道的结构形式和河底性质;

4.未经国家有关部门批准公开发表的各项经济建设的数据等;

5.未公开的机场(含民用、军民合用机场)和机关、单位;

6.其他涉及国家秘密的内容。

第二章 比例尺、开本、经纬线

第四条 公开地图的比例尺、开本应符合以下规定:

1.中国地图比例尺等于或小于1:100万;

2.省、自治区地图,比例尺等于或小于1:50万;直辖市地图及辖区面积小于10万平方千米的省、自治区地图,比例尺等于或小于1:25万;

3.市、县地图,开幅为一个全张,最大不超过两个全张;

4.省、自治区、直辖市普通地图(集、册)(内容以政区为主),开本一般不超过32开本;

5.香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区地图、台湾省地图,比例尺、开本大小不限;

6.教学图、时事宣传图、旅游图、交通图、书刊插图和互联网上登载使用的各类示意性地图,其位置精度不能高于1:50万国家基本比例尺地图的精度。

第五条 比例尺等于或大于1:50万的各类公开地图均不得绘出经纬线和直角坐标网。

第三章 界 线

第六条 中国国界线画法必须按照国务院批准发布的1:100万《中国国界线画法标准样图》以及根据该图制作的其他比例尺中国国界线画法标准样图绘制。中国地图必须遵守下列规定:

1.准确反映中国领土范围。

(1)图幅范围:东边绘出黑龙江与乌苏里江交汇处,西边绘出喷赤河南北流向的河段,北边绘出黑龙江最北江段,南边绘出曾母暗沙(汉朝以前的历史地图除外);

(2)中国全图必须表示南海诸岛、钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等重要岛屿,并用相应的符号绘出南海诸岛归属范围线。比例尺等于或小于1:1亿的,南海诸岛归属范围线可由9段线改为7段线,即从左起删去第2段和第7段线,可不表示钓鱼岛、赤尾屿岛点。

2.正确表示中国国界线与地貌、地物、经纬线、色带等要素之间的关系,正确标注国界线附近的地理名称。

第七条 中国示意性地图必须遵守下列规定:

1.用实线表示中国疆域范围,陆地界线与海岸线粗细有区别,用相应的简化符号绘出南海诸岛范围线,并表示南海诸岛以及钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等重要岛屿岛礁;

2.用轮廓线或色块表示中国疆域范围,南海诸岛范围线可不表示,但必须表示南海诸岛、钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等重要岛屿岛礁;

3.比例尺等于或小于1:1亿的,可不表示南海诸岛范围线以及钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等岛屿岛礁。

第八条 世界其他各国之间的界线,参照由国家测绘局认定的最新世界地图集表示。

第九条 中国历史疆界,参照由外交部和国家测绘局认定的中国历史地图集表示。

第十条 省、自治区、直辖市行政区域界线依据民政部、国家测绘局制定并报国务院审批的行政区域界线标准画法图表示。

第四章 有关省区及相邻国外地区地图

第十一条 广东省地图必须包括东沙群岛。

第十二条 海南省及南海诸岛地图表示规定:

1.海南省全图,其图幅范围必须包括南海诸岛。南海诸岛既可以包括在全图内,也可以作附图。以单幅表示南海诸岛地图时,应配置一幅“南海诸岛在中国的地理位置”图作附图,海南岛的区域地图,也必须附“南海诸岛”地图;

2.南海诸岛附图的四至范围是:北面绘出中国大陆和部分台湾岛,东面绘出马尼拉,南面绘出加里曼丹岛上印度尼西亚与马来西亚间的全部界线(对于不表示邻国间界线的专题图,南面绘出曾母暗沙和马来西亚的海岸线),西面绘出河内;

3. 南海诸岛作为海南省地图的附图时,附图名称为“海南省全图”;作为中国全图的附图时,一律称“南海诸岛”;

4. 专题地图上,南海诸岛作附图时,正图重复出现时,附图也要重复出现,不得省略。必须与正图一样表示有关的专题内容;

5. 东沙、西沙、中沙、南沙四群岛以及曾母暗沙、黄岩岛必须表示并注名称。大于1:400万的地图,黄岩岛应括注民主礁,即:黄岩岛(民主礁)。比例尺过小时,可只画岛礁符号,不注岛礁名称;

6. 南海诸岛与大陆同时表示时,中国国名注在大陆上,南海诸岛范围内不注国名,不在岛屿名称下面括注“中国”字样。在不出现中国大陆的南海诸岛局部地图上,在各群岛和曾母暗沙、黄岩岛等名称下括注“中国”字样;

7.南海诸岛的岛礁名称,按照1983年国务院批准公布的标准名称标注。

第十三条 新疆维吾尔自治区表示规定:

新疆维吾尔自治区地图和绘有新疆维吾尔自治区西部的地区图,其图幅范围西部应绘出喷赤河南北流向的河段。

第十四条 香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区表示规定:

1.香港特别行政区界线必须按1:10万《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区行政区域图》表示,比例尺等于或小于1:4000万的地图可不表示其界线;

澳门特别行政区地图内容必须按1:2万《中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区行政区域图》表示;

2.在分省设色的地图上,香港界内的陆地部分要单独设色;

澳门自关闸以南地区和氹仔、路环两岛,要单独设色。比例尺等于或小于1:600万时,可在澳门符号内设色;

3.香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区图面注记应注全称“香港特别行政区”、“澳门特别行政区”;比例尺等于或小于1:600万的地图上可简注“香港”、“澳门”;

4.香港城市地图图名应称“香港岛·九龙”;澳门城市地图图名应称“澳门半岛”;

5.表示省级行政中心时,香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区与省级行政中心等级相同;

6.专题地图上,香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区应与内地一样表示相应的专题内容。资料不具备时,可在地图的适当位置注明:“香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区资料暂缺”的字样。

第十五条 台湾省地图表示规定:

1.台湾省在地图上应按省级行政区划单位表示。台北市作为省级行政中心表示(图例中注省级行政中心)。在分省设色的地图上,台湾省要单独设色;

2.台湾省地图的图幅范围,必须绘出钓鱼岛和赤尾屿(以“台湾岛”命名的地图除外)。钓鱼岛和赤尾屿既可以包括在台湾省全图中,也可以用台湾本岛与钓鱼岛、赤尾屿的地理关系作插图反映;

3.台湾省挂图,必须反映台湾岛与大陆之间的地理关系或配置相应的插图;

4.专题地图上,台湾省应与中国大陆一样表示相应的专题内容,资料不具备时,必须在地图的适当位置注明:“台湾省资料暂缺”的字样;

5.台湾省的文字说明中,必须对台湾岛、澎湖列岛、钓鱼岛、赤尾屿、彭佳屿、兰屿、绿岛等内容作重点说明。

第十六条 与中国接壤的克什米尔地区表示规定:

1.克什米尔为印度和巴基斯坦争议地区,在表示国外界线的地图上,必须画出克什米尔地区界范围线和停火线,并注明“印巴停火线”字样;

2.表示印巴停火线的地图上,应加印巴停火线图例;

3.在印度河以南跨印巴停火线注出不同于国名字体的地区名“克什米尔”;

4.印巴停火线两侧分别括注“巴基斯坦实际控制区”和“印度实际控制区”字样;

5.比例尺等于或小于1:2500万的地图,只画地区界、停火线,不注控制区和停火线注记;

6.比例尺等于或小于1:1亿的地图和1:2500万至1:1亿的专题地图,只画地区界,停火线可不表示;

7.“斯利那加”作一般城市表示,不作行政中心处理;

8.分国设色时,克什米尔不着色,在两控制区内沿停火线两侧和同中国接壤的地段,分别以印度和巴基斯坦的颜色作色带。

第十七条 有关地名注记表示规定:

俄罗斯境内以下地名必须括注中国名称,汉语拼音版地图和外文版地图除外:

1.“符拉迪沃斯托克”括注“海参崴”;

2.“乌苏里斯克”括注“双城子”;

3.“哈巴罗夫斯克”括注“伯力”;

4.“布拉戈维申斯克”括注“海兰泡”;

5.“萨哈林岛”括注“库页岛”;

6.“涅尔琴斯克”括注“尼布楚”;

7.“尼古拉耶夫斯克”括注“庙街”;

8.“斯塔诺夫山脉”括注“外兴安岭”。

其他地名表示:

1.长白山天池为中、朝界湖,湖名“长白山天池(白头山天池)”注国界内,不能简称“天池”;

2.西藏自治区门隅、珞瑜、下察隅地区附近的地名选取按1:400万公开地图表示;

3.香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、台湾省地名的外文拼写,采用当地拼写法。

第五章 其 他

第十八条 凡进口或引进、加工制作国外和港、澳、台地区的地图及附有中国地图图形产品必须遵守下列规定:

1.将中国国界线绘错或出现“一中一台”等问题的,必须修改;

2.地图文字内容(含语音部分)必须符合国家有关规定。

第十九条 互联网上使用的中国地图,以国家测绘局网站上的地图为准,国家测绘局网址为:http://www.sbsm.gov.cn。

第六章 附 则

第二十条 本规定由国家测绘局负责解释。

第二十一条 本规定自发布之日起施行。过去的有关规定,凡与本规定有抵触的,均按本规定执行。



测绘局网站 2003年5月23日